While coming to office yesterday I saw some FM channels on India Gate asking people why do we celebrate Republic Day .I was so surprised to see that maximum no. of people standing there were unable to answer that .I could not answer them as I had to cross that road before security forces block the entire area for Parade rehearsal. So I just thought that I should write all I know about 26th January.
India got its independence on 15th August, 1947 but during the period from1947 to 1950,King George VI of England was the head of country as we have no constitution to follow. On 26th January, 1950 theConstitutionof India was formally adopted by the Parliament, and India declared itself as a "Republic" and became a sovereign state, so since then this day is celebrated annually as Republic Day in India . This was a deliberate act to make the 26th January as our Republic day as it was India's "Independence Day", before independence , one of Mahatma Gandhi's many symbolic acts during India's Freedom Struggle against the British colonial rule, and the adoption of the Constitution on this date was felt able to strengthen its initial meaning.
To mark this occasion, a grand parade is held in New Delhi, the Capital of India, beginning from Raisina Hill near the Rashtrapati Bhavan , along the Rajpath , past India Gate and on to the Red Fort. Different infantry, cavalry and mechanized regiments of the Indian Army , the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force march in formation, decked in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India , who is also the Commander in Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. The Chief Guest of the parade is a Head of State of another nation, The parade also includes many traditional dance troupes, to symbolize the cultural heritage of India. It traditionally ends with a colorful fly past by Air Force jets in a Triganga . Similar parades are held in the capitals of all the states of India, where the Governor of the respective state takes the salute. So this is all about India’s Republic Day.
I know we all know that ….but just to refresh our memories here are some interesting facts about India.
· India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
· The largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
· Chess was invented in India.
· Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
· The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C.
· India is the largest democracy in the world, the 6th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
· India exports software to 90 countries.
· The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
· There are 300,000 active mosques in India more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
· Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
· Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
· Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
· The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
· Sanskrit is considered as the mother of all higher languages. This is because it is the most precise and therefore the suitable language for computer software (a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987).
· Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over 2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.
· Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
· The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'.
· Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
· Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world (Source : Gemological Institute of America).
· The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
· India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, spanning a period of more than 4000 years, and witnessing the fusion of several customs and traditions, which are reflective of the rich culture and heritage of the Country.
· Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also orignated in India. Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C. during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera: 10*12(10 to the power of 12).
· The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
· The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name `Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus.
· The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificient temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
· The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
· The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after levelling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
· India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
· The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan Mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
· Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism, physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts.
· Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
· The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively.
· Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D respectively.
· The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.
· The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
· Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.
· Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
· His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharamsala in northern India
· India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.
Do we need another reason to say we are proud to be an Indian.